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Newer / rising Porcine Biomarkers markers worth spotlighting

Published On 01/23/2026 1:49 PM
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Newer / rising porcine biomarkers worth spotlighting

Beyond classic serum cytokines, a growing set of biomarkers is gaining attention because they can be measured in saliva/oral fluid, move robustly in real disease/stress contexts, and support scalable monitoring workflows.

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At-a-glance: what’s “rising” and why

Pig-MAP / ITIH4 (acute-phase) S100A12 (health status / inflammation) ADA (immune activation) PCT (sepsis-like biology) MPO / Mpx (neutrophil-linked inflammation) LDH / AST / total protein (damage + context)

Pig-MAP / ITIH4

A positive acute-phase protein; increasingly measured beyond plasma into saliva contexts. 1,2

  • Why it’s rising: saliva-compatible assays and commercial kit evaluation in saliva samples. 2,3
  • Where it helps: adds robust “inflammation context” alongside transient cytokines.
  • Validation tip: saliva performance needs its own linearity/recovery checks (not inferred from serum). 2

S100A12

Studied as a saliva “health status” biomarker with an immunoassay developed/validated for clinical porcine samples. 4

  • Why it’s rising: measurable in saliva with robust differences between healthy vs diseased cohorts in published work. 4
  • Where it helps: complements APPs; useful in inflammatory/respiratory disease contexts.
  • Validation tip: standardize collection/processing; saliva is sensitive to handling effects.

Adenosine deaminase (ADA)

A marker of immune system activity; shows strong increases in saliva in infectious disease contexts in published studies. 5,6

  • Why it’s rising: large fold-changes reported in saliva in infection-associated studies. 5
  • Where it helps: “immune activation” signal that pairs well with APPs (Pig-MAP/ITIH4, Hp).
  • Validation tip: confirm matrix and interference tolerance (lipemia/hemolysis variability).

Procalcitonin (PCT)

A sepsis-associated biomarker in humans; studied in pigs with assay development for saliva and evaluation in disease models. 7,5

  • Why it’s rising: work shows feasibility of measuring PCT in pig saliva with validated assay approaches. 7
  • Where it helps: supports systemic-inflammation/severity framing when paired with other markers.
  • Validation tip: check LOD/LOQ and expected range—PCT can be low-abundance outside strong phenotypes.

Myeloperoxidase (MPO / Mpx)

Neutrophil-linked inflammation marker with assay development/validation in porcine saliva research. 8

  • Why it’s rising: fits “inflammation + immune system” profiling in non-invasive sampling. 8
  • Where it helps: adds mechanistic depth vs APP-only panels.
  • Validation tip: keep collection consistent; saliva enzymes can be sensitive to processing.

Damage/context markers (LDH, AST, total protein)

Often move alongside inflammation markers in infectious contexts, helping interpret “how systemic” a response is. 5,9

  • Why it’s rising: they add context (tissue damage / systemic stress) to immune signals. 5,9
  • Where it helps: severity framing and QC for sample quality/handling variability.
  • Validation tip: treat them as interpretive companions (not stand-alone “diagnostics”).

How to validate “rising markers” quickly (before scaling your study)

  • Matrix match: validate in your exact matrix (saliva/oral fluid vs serum/plasma). ITIH4/Pig-MAP saliva kit performance has been explicitly evaluated—use that as your standard for evidence expectations. 2
  • Dilution linearity: run a broad dilution series to avoid hidden hook/high-background artifacts.
  • Spike recovery: confirm that the matrix isn’t suppressing signal.
  • Handling SOP: standardize collection device, centrifugation/clarification, freeze/thaw, and time-to-freezer.
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References

  1. Pig-MAP as acute-phase protein context (historical): Veterinary Research Communications. Link
  2. Ortín-Bustillo et al. ITIH4 (Pig-MAP) in pig saliva: evaluation of commercial ELISA kits. PLOS ONE (2025). Link
  3. Piñeiro et al. Pig-MAP saliva quantitation immunoassay (time-resolved approach). Research in Veterinary Science (2024). Link
  4. Gutiérrez et al. S100A12 as porcine saliva health-status biomarker; immunoassay development/validation. The Veterinary Journal (2024). Link
  5. Cerón et al. Salivary biomarkers of stress/inflammation/redox/muscle damage in pigs with S. suis infection (incl. ADA/PCT/LDH signals). BMC Veterinary Research (2023). Link
  6. MDPI (IJMS) proteomics/validation context including ADA performance in meningitis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2022). Link
  7. “Measurement of procalcitonin in saliva of pigs: a pilot study.” BMC Veterinary Research (2022). Link
  8. Myeloperoxidase (Mpx) assay development/validation and factors influencing Mpx/S100A12/ITIH4 in porcine saliva. Research in Veterinary Science (2023). Link
  9. Infection-context saliva and serum analyte shifts (incl. haptoglobin/S100 proteins/ADA/LDH). Springer (2025). Link

Note: This article summarizes research findings for R&D planning; it is not a clinical diagnostic guideline.

This entry was posted in Application and Technique Notes ,ELISA KIT

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