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Home / Proteins & Peptide / Proteins

Vm24 Toxin

SKU : BHP21300306

A Potent and Specific Blocker of Kv1.3 Channel

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Mfr.No.	STV-055, STV-055_0.1 mg, STV-055_0.5 mg, STV-055_1 mg, STV-055_10 mg, STV-055_5 mg, STV-055_50 mcg
Description	A Potent and Specific Blocker of Kv1.3 Channel
Reconstitution	Centrifuge the vial (10,000 x g for 5 minutes) before adding solvent to spin down all the powder to the bottom of the vial. The lyophilized product may be difficult to visualize. Add solvent directly to the centrifuged vial. Gently tap, tilt, and roll the vial to aid dissolution. Avoid vigorous vortexing; light vortexing for up to 3 seconds is acceptable if needed. The product is soluble in pure water at high micromolar concentrations (100 uM - 1 mM). For long-term storage in solution, we recommend preparing a stock solution by dissolving the product in double-distilled water (ddH2O) at a concentration between 100-1000x of the final working concentration. Divide the stock solution into small aliquots and store at -20°C. Before use, thaw the relevant vial(s) and dilute to the desired working concentration in your working buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions in working buffers just before use. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles to maintain biological activity.
Molecular Formula	C157H253N51O45S9
Background	The Vm24 toxin, also known as Vaejovis mexicanus peptide 24, is a potent blocker of Kv1.3 in human lymphocytes. Isolated from the venom of the Mexican scorpion Vaejovis mexicanus smithi, Vm24 is a 36-residue peptide with a molecular mass of 3864 Da, and has been identified as the first example of a new subfamily of alpha-type K(+) ion channel blockers (alpha-KTx 23.1)1.Vm24, a natural immunosuppressive peptide, potently and selectively blocks Kv1.3 in human T cells with high affinity. The blockage of Kv1.3 channels in T cells is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus2.The voltage-gated potassium channel known as Kv1.3 (KCNA3) is expressed by a subset of chronically activated memory T cells and plays an important role in their activation and proliferation, especially in primary malignant T cells. The potent Kv1.3 inhibitor Vm24 inhibits CD3/CD28-induced proliferation and IL-9 expression, thus inhibiting activation-induced proliferation as well as cytokine and cytokine receptor expression in malignant T cells3.Due to its high specificity, the Vm24 toxin enables to define the downstream functions of Kv1.3 channels in human CD4+ TEM lymphocytes. Blocking Kv1.3 channels profoundly affects the mRNA synthesis machinery, the unfolded protein response and intracellular vesicle transport, impairing the synthesis and secretion of cytokines in response to TCR engagement. This underscores the role of Kv1.3 channels in regulating TEM lymphocyte function4.KV1.3 blockers change the course of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) development, reducing microglial cytotoxic activation and increasing neural stem cell differentiation. KV1.3 blockers inhibit microglia-mediated neurotoxicity in cell cultures, reducing the expression and production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-alpha via the NF-kB and p38MAPK pathway. Microglia activation correlates with an increase in KV1.3 channel expression and current density. Several studies highlight the importance of KV1.3 in the activation of the inflammatory response and the inhibition of neural progenitor cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Thus, KV1.3 blockers such as Vm24 possess potential therapeutic benefits for patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease5
Biological Activity	Vm24 toxin is a potent and selective Kv1.3 channel blocker (Kd ? 3 pM)1. This toxin exhibits more than 1500-fold selectivity for Kv1.3 over KCa3.1, Kv1.1, and Kv1.2 and does not inhibit a wide range of other channels2. Vm24 inhibits the proliferation and Ca2+ signaling of human T cells in vitro and reduces delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in rats in vivo2.
Formulation	Lyophilized from double distilled water (ddH2O). May contain TFA as a residual counter ion.
Molecular Weight	3863.6 Da
Solubility	Centrifuge the vial before adding solvent (10,000 x g for 5 minutes) to spin down all the powder to the bottom of the vial. The lyophilized product may be difficult to visualize. Add solvent directly to the centrifuged vial. Tap the vial to aid in dissolving the lyophilized product. Tilt and gently roll the liquid over the walls of the vial. Avoid vigorous vortexing. Light vortexing for up to 3 seconds is acceptable if needed. The product is soluble in pure water at high micromolar concentrations (100 uM - 1 mM). For long-term storage in solution, we recommend preparing a stock solution by dissolving the product in double-distilled water (ddH2O) at a concentration between 100-1000x of the final working concentration. Divide the stock solution into small aliquots and store at -20°C. Before use, thaw the relevant vial(s) and dilute to the desired working concentration in your working buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions in working buffers just before use. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles to maintain biological activity.
Source	Synthetic peptide
Accession Number	P0DJ31
Concentration	3 - 10 pM
Form	Lyophilized
Notes	Bioassay Tested: yes Steril endotoxin free: no Is Toxin: Yes
Cas Number	1373890-79-9
UNSPSC Code	12352202
Lead Time	1-2 Business Days
Modifications	Disulfide bonds between: Cys6-Cys26, Cys12-Cys31, Cys16-Cys33, Cys21-Cys36 Cys36- C-terminal amidation
Origin	Vaejovis mexicanus smithi (Mexican scorpion) (Vaejovis smithi)

Synonyms	alpha-KTx 23.1, Potassium channel toxin alpha-KTx 23.1
Gene Id	KCNA3
Sequence	AAAISCVGSPECPPKCRAQGCKNGKCMNRKCKCYYC-NH2
Target	Kv1.3 channels

Country Of Origin	Israel/IL
Purity	>=98% (HPLC)
Storage	Storage After Reconstitution: The reconstituted solution can be stored at 4°C for up to 1 week. For longer periods (up to 6 months), small aliquots should be stored at -20°C. We do not recommend storing the product in working solutions for longer than a few days. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Storage Before Reconstitution: The product is shipped as a lyophilized powder at room temperature. Upon receipt, store the product at -20°C. Protect from moisture. Storage of solutions: The reconstituted solution can be stored at 4°C for up to 1 week. For longer periods (up to 6 months), small aliquots should be stored at -20°C. We do not recommend storing the product in working solutions for longer than a few days. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

Applications	Electrophysiology

Reference	Gurrola, G.B. et al. (2012) Biochemistry, 51, 4049. Varga, Z. et al. (2012) Mol Pharmacol., 82, 372. Hu, T. et al. (2019) Oncotarget. 10, 4894. Veytia-Bucheli, J.I. et al. (2018) Cell Commun Signal., 16, 45. Revuelta, M. et al. (2022) Front Cell Neurosci., 16, 868842.

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Combination SKU	Supplier No.	Size	Your price	Quantity
BHP21300306-1	STV-055_0.1 mg	0.1 mg	$295		Add to Cart
BHP21300306-2	STV-055_0.5 mg	0.5 mg	$1030		Add to Cart
BHP21300306-3	STV-055_1 mg	1 mg	$1647		Add to Cart
BHP21300306-4	STV-055_10 mg	10 mg	$6917		Add to Cart
BHP21300306-5	STV-055_5 mg	5 mg	$4940		Add to Cart
BHP21300306-6	STV-055_50 mcg	50 mcg	$185		Add to Cart

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